What is margin in leverage trading?

• What is margin and how can I leverage margin on my account?
• The risks associated with margin trading
• What are margin requirements, margin calls and margin closeouts?

When exploring this subject, it is important to remember it is not about margin vs leverage, as these two elements work together. Leverage allows you to trade a larger financial position with a smaller sum. Margin, on the other hand, is the initial investment you need to make to open a leveraged trade. Combined, margin and leverage allow you to leverage the funds in your account to potentially generate larger profits than your initial investment.

The flipside to trading with margin is that you can also potentially incur significant losses if the market moves against you. At OANDA, leverage or margin trading enables you to open positions that are larger than your account balance.

To minimise your losses and reduce the negative effect of leverage on a losing trade, it may be a good idea to use a stop loss.

When you deposit money in your trading account, the money you have deposited can be used as available margin. This margin can be used to open your trades ﹣ you will be able to open trades by putting down a fraction of the full value of your trade.

Leverage is described as a ratio or multiple. So, for example, trading using leverage of 30:1 means that for every US$1 of available margin that you have in your account, you can place a trade worth up to US$30. For instance, say you are looking to open a position on a forex pair. Using leverage of 30:1, for every US$100 you have in your account, you can place a trade worth up to US$3000 and so on.

In other words, margin is the amount of money needed to open a position and maintain a position/ positions, while leverage means that you can enter into positions larger than your account balance.

When asking how does margin work, the most important factor to remember is that trading with margin and leverage allows you to place trades that would otherwise be unavailable to you. Once you understand how leveraged trading works, it can be a powerful tool to maximise your profits: with just a fraction of the value of your trade, you can have the same impact as a conventional trade. On the other hand, trading with leverage could also result in significant, rapid losses to your capital. This makes buying on margin a high-risk, high-reward method of trading.

Any price increase in your favour at the time of closing your trade is multiplied by the leverage you are working with. Remember, however, that leveraged trading is a double-edged sword. If the market moves in the opposite direction of your trade, you could just as easily rack up losses. You can manage your trading risk by placing a stop-loss order on your trades.

The margin needed to open each trade is derived from the leverage limit associated with the instrument that you wish to trade. For example, if your leverage is 30:1, you would need a margin of 3.33% (1/30 x 100) of the position value you wish to open. Having your account in EUR and opening a position on EUR/USD, for each €30 you would need €1 of margin requirement and your EUR margin requirement will be calculated at the EUR/USD rate.

Let’s look at a simple forex example. You’re thinking of opening a long position of 5,000 units of EUR/USD and your account is in EUR. As the leverage is 30:1, the margin needed to open this position is 3.33% of 5,000 = €166.50.

If the instrument you are trading has a different base currency to your account currency, then your margin will be calculated in the base currency and converted to your account currency at the prevailing exchange rate.

In order to keep a position open, you will need to maintain a minimum amount of money in your account. This is known as margin requirement. The margin requirement is 50% of the margin needed to open a trade.Your margin requirement is essentially the margin required to open a trade and then the margin required to keep the trade open as per above. This is determined by the Net Asset Value (NAV) of your account which is your cash balance plus the unrealised profit and loss of open positions.

When preparing to open a new trade, experienced traders prefer to calculate not just where to exit if the trade goes in their favour, but also how much loss they are willing to risk. So, say you’re going long on a currency pair and looking up on the chart, don’t forget to look down too to estimate your losses, and vice versa if you take a short position.

The same is applicable to how much of your funds you would like to engage into your trades. As much, theoretically, gains might seem unlimited, you should bear in mind that losses can also be significant. The bigger the portion of your account balance is utilised in trade margin, the bigger the exposure and the risk of margin close out should the value of your positions drop suddenly. You should also mind the number of trades you have running at any one time. Having too many positions open may lead to greater exposure especially if these positions are correlated, (all to U.S. Dollar for instance), a risk of price swing on these would be n-times the number of open positions.

Margin calls are an important aspect of leveraged trading. If the balance in your account falls to a level that is below the minimum margin requirement, a margin call will be triggered. If this happens, we may message you to ask you to deposit more funds in your account to maintain your positions, or close open positions to lift your account balance above the minimum margin requirement. To further clarify this when the net asset value on your account which is the cash balance plus unrealised P &L (which will be in negative) falls to 50% of the margin required to maintain the position, your account will be in margin call.

However, we are not obliged to make a margin call in any circumstances; in a fast-moving market there may be little time between warnings, or there may not be sufficient time to warn you at all. It is your responsibility to monitor your open positions and ensure sufficient funds are held to cover the margin requirement.

If for any reason you don’t take either of the steps just described and you do not have sufficient funds on your account to maintain your positions, your positions will undergo margin closeout, resulting in the closure of some or all of your open positions.

Be mindful of the “margin closeout percent” field in the account summary of the trading platform. The closer the margin closeout percent is to 100%, the closer you are to a margin closeout.

Although it may at first seem like a penalty, a margin call is essentially a warning that you need to temper your risk level and attend to losses that could exceed your accepted risk level. Ultimately, you are responsible for monitoring your account to prevent margin calls and margin closeouts from happening. By limiting your trade size and working with stop losses, you can better maintain sufficient margin in your account to support your open positions.

• Check your positions regularly.
• Never leverage your entire account balance.
• Deposit additional funds into your account when your available margin becomes low.
• Reduce the margin requirement by closing some open positions.
• Use risk management measures such as stop losses.
• Be mindful of gap ups and gap downs, with sudden spikes or drops in price, as these could trigger a margin call.

If you want to trade with leverage, you need a good trading education - from the basics of what a ‘pip’ is to how to use technical indicators and more. Once you’ve opened a live or demo account, you can start implementing some of the trading strategies covered in our learn section.